فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد انرژی
پیاپی 78 (پاییز 1402)

Improving economic welfare and providing suitable conditions for the entire society is one of the main goals of the economic system of any country. The undeniable role of energy in the process of production and consumption and the high energy intensity in developing countries, including Iran, has caused the reduction of energy intensity to be considered as one of the development goals of the country's economic analysts Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze the effect of the intensity and price of energy carriers (electricity, non-electricity, total) on economic well-being in Iran's economy during the period of 1971-2021. In this regard, economic well-being has been calculated using the composite index of well-being. This index includes four dimensions of real consumption flow, real wealth flow, income distribution and economic security. The calculations show that firstly, during the period under review, the average welfare index is equal to 123.01. Second, although the average welfare index has fluctuated during the following periods; In such a way that the highest amount of welfare is related to the sixth plan. The results of the estimation of the research model in four formats and based on the autoregressive distributed lag

In this paper, we employ the locally flexible normalized quadratic (NQ) cost function to estimate the demand for electricity, gasoil, and kerosene in the agricultural sector of Iran. We use the price and quantity of the forenamed energy resources being consumed in the agricultural sector between the years 1971 to 2017. To provide credible results, consistent with microeconomic theories, we examine and impose the regularity conditions, namely, we examine the positivity and monotonicity of the cost function and impose curvature. We find that own-price elasticities are negative, income elasticities are positive, and Morishima elasticities of substitution are in general positive, and all elasticities are generally statistically significant. An exception is electricity which does not provide statistically significant own-price and income elasticities and cannot easily be replaced by the other energy inputs.

One of the significant indicators of economic growth is the variable of human development. The experience of developed countries shows a two-way relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. In the meantime, the human development index will be implicitly linked to energy consumption, which is a measure to show the economic-social health of a country. According to the importance of improving this index in the quality of life of the people in society, this study aims to investigate the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on the human development index using the autoregression method with distributed intervals (ARDL) in the period of 2015-2018. The results indicate that renewable and non-renewable energy consumption significantly positively and negatively affect the human development index in Iran, respectively. Also, the added value of services and industry, trade liberalization, inflation, and urbanization have a negative and significant effect, and the added value of the agricultural sector has a positive and significant impact on the human development

Oil price shocks in recent decades have had a profound effect on the economies of the world, both exporters and importers of oil. Countries that depend on revenues from the sale of oil and gas resources during economic growth, as well as those that import Oil resources are particularly sensitive to changes and fluctuations in oil prices. Axes related to globalization and factors affecting the increase in the volume of international trade have raised many questions in the macroeconomy. Is a commercial instrument.In this study, we examine the effect of oil price shocks and trade openness turmoil on economic growth and inflation in two groups of oil exporting and importing countries.The results show that the research hypotheses that the response of economic growth and inflation to oil price shocks are asymmetric in both groups of oil exporting and importing countries. Also, the results of tests and estimation of patterns show openness. Trade has a positive effect on economic growth and inflation of oil exporting countries and a negative and positive effect on economic growth and inflation of oil importing countries.

Iran is one of the oil-exporting countries. Since the income from crude oil exports is the most important source of financing for the country's budget, so it has direct and indirect effects on other economic activities. The financing of oil prices and their effects on the economy has been a topic of concern for decades. This study examines the effects of oil price shocks and economic growth shocks and financial stress. For this purpose, the data required for the study have  been collected monthly during the period 1370-1400 from the website of the Statistics Center of Iran and the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, instantaneous reaction functions, analysis of variance, and Eviews9 software were used to analyze the results. The results showed that the positive shock on oil prices in the short run has a significant positive effect on Iranian oil production. Because of the increase in oil prices, the economic growth (gross national product) of the country has increased and has led to the prosperity of companies and enterprises, and as a result, has led.

The financial crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic can affect all types of financial markets, on the other hand, considering the effective role of the OPEC basket oil price as an influential factor in the economy of oil exporting countries, It is important to examine the impact of changes in OPEC basket oil prices on financial markets during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this research, cubic spline interpolation has been used to find a two-dimensional curve to examine the changes in OPEC basket oil prices and the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange on a monthly basis during the years 1397-1400. By calculating the approximation curve parametrically and in terms of the time variable, it was found that during a period of approximately six months after the prevalence of Covid-19, First in a period of almost three and a half months, the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange has been a descending function and then an ascending function in relation to OPEC oil price changes.

Inequality of income and consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies is one of the important issues of many countries and has many economic, social and environmental dimensions. Also, income inequality is one of the most important obstacles to the development of different societies. In this research, using data from 1389 to 1398 and the method of generalized moments (GMM), in addition to income inequality, the effect of economic growth and urbanization on electricity consumption in the provinces of Iran has been investigated. The results show that a 1% increase in the Gini coefficient reduces electricity consumption by more than 5%. Also, a 1% increase in GDP increases electricity consumption by more than 1.5%. This is despite the fact that the square of gross domestic product has a negative and significant effect on electricity consumption, and an increase of one percent causes a decrease in electricity consumption by more than 0.03 percent.   Therefore, the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between gross domestic product and electricity consumption in Iran's provinces is confirmed. Finally, the results show a positive and significant effect of urbanization on electricity consumption, so that with a 1% increase, electricity consumption increases by more than 0.2%.